Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
1
10
FA
Y
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-431-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-431-en.pdf
Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
A Study on the Influence of Competitive Strategies on the Expansion of Iran’s Hand-Knotted Carpet in the Domestic Market (Case Study: Tehran)
11
24
FA
Adel
Salavati
Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj
Y
Meisam
Barzegar
N
Navid
Arianejad
N
In a competitive environment, identification of appropriate strategies improves a business by choosing the right passage. In this article the effects of competitive strategies of Michael Porter including differentiation, concentration and cost leadership on the expansion of domestic market of Iran’s hand-knotted carpet are evaluated. This research is descriptive and the survey methodology is used. A questionnaire is designed and after accreditation distributed among two respondent groups; i.e. technical staffs of Iran National Carpet Centre and carpet retailers in Tehran who have more than 10 years experience. The results show that all three competitive strategies could trigger the expansion of domestic market of Iran’s hand-knotted carpet. On the other hand, the concurrent implementation of these strategies has different influences on market expansion. In technical staffs’ view, cost leadership has the highest role in market expansion, while the other two strategies have a minor role in domestic hand-knotted carpet market. On the contrary, retailers evaluate two other strategies; i.e. differentiation and concentration, would have higher impact in hand-knotted carpet market expansion, respectively; whereas cost leadership would be insignificant. Although the research hypotheses are accepted, the statistical analysis shows a very significant difference between the views of the retailers and technical staffs of Iran National Carpet Centre.
Hand-knotted carpet, Competitive strategies, Differentiations, Cost leadership, Concentration, Market expansion
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-432-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-432-en.pdf
Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
Improvement of Some Scoured Wool Characteristics
25
38
FA
ali
Jahangir
Textile Dept., Islamic Azad University, Kashan
Y
Abdolreza
Zahiri
Ministry of Commerce, Iran
N
Mehdi
Akhbari
Textile Dept., Islamic Azad University, Kashan
N
Commercial wool scouring instructions are introduced mainly by technological and chemical manufacturing companies. Most of the instructions are prepared according to the technical specifications of the most famous international wool brands with high level of production. Other types of wools are scoured based on mentioned instructions with minor corrections. Using commercial instructions in scouring of Iranian wools usually leads to decrease the scoured wool quality. In this study, operational methods and machine settings used by Iranian wool scouring companies are investigated. To achieve better appearance characteristics (light and optical) on scoured wool, some changes to conventional methods are introduced, considering the Iranian wool characteristics. These changes are then evaluated to suggest the optimum methods of scouring. Finally, effects of these changes are evaluated to suggest the best method for obtaining the best quality Iranian scoured wools. Results show that the changes have advantageous effects on the quality of scoured wools.
Wool scouring, Detergent, Yellowness, Whiteness, Mechanical characteristics.
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-433-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-433-en.pdf
Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
the Angel Pattern on Persian Carpets
39
54
FA
Qobad
Kiyanmehr
Art University of Isfahan
N
Hossien
Mirjafari
University of Isfahan
N
Azadeh
Pashootanizadeh
Art University of Isfahan
Y
There is a spiritual & intellectual power in Persian carpets which connects to the terrestrial world. Plant patterns that make gardens not only symbolize paradise in the heart of carpets; but also the patterns in the borders which sometimes are decorated by angels represent the spiritual world. Maybe the position of angels indicates the initial stage before paradise gate (in the middle of the carpet) and Judgment Day, which our acts will be evaluated by angels and God will visit us, or it comes from other Persian archetype that has intellectual power, known as Farvahr. This research is tried to find and analyze roots of the angel shape by the form of Farvahr archetype, and we use holy Verses and religious stories as documents for proving the cause of its human shape with two wings. Writers try to prove that the Angel pattern is connected conceptually with the symbol of Farvahr
Farvahr pattern, Angel pattern, Persian carpets, Supernatural
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-434-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-434-en.pdf
Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
Some Analyses on Arab-jinni Rugs of Fars
55
80
FA
Abolghasem
Dadvar
Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University
N
Azam
Rasooli
Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University
Y
Arab Jinni rugs, illustrate special attitude of their creators who made exceptional and mysterious hand-made weavings. In 1993, Dr. Parham ascertained the name of this tribe as well as their weavings to Persian carpet literature for the first time. Despite unfamiliarity of this tribe in Iran's literature and historical documents, it is mentioned in detail in the lineage books of Arab and Quran commentaries. Apparently in the ethnic and ideological beliefs of this tribe, believe in jinni and tendency to their mysteries is one of the factors that affect their motifs and designs. Recognition of Arab-Jinni tribes and their beliefs, plausible ancestral and ideological relation of this mysterious and unknown tribe with them, totemic tendencies of creators of such rugs, the influence of cultural reconciliation of three important western Asia, Mesopotamia, and Persia-India civilizations on the formation of their motifs are among the most important outcomes of this research.
Rug motifs of Arab-Jinni of Fars, Village and tribal weavings of Fars, Arab-woven carpets and rugs of Fars, Arab tribes of Far, Tribal rugs of Fars
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-435-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-435-en.pdf
Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
Effect of Knot Type on some Physical Properties of Hand-Knotted Carpet: Carpet Backing Thickness, Pile Height and Carpet Length
81
102
FA
Seyed Jalal Eddin
Bassam
Institute of Technical and Vocational Higher Education, Ministry of Jahad Agriculture
Y
Mohsen
Hamidi
Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Kashan Bureau
N
Beheshteh
Nasiri Rad
Iran Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization
N
Symmetric and asymmetric knots, as two original knots, possess different physical and mechanical properties that influence the function of a carpet. Jufti and U knots give different properties to the carpet compared to the original ones. If they were used to produce specific properties, they would enhance the carpet's quality. However, nowadays their applications are considered as methods that diminishes the quality of carpets. As these properties have significant influence on the carpets, some attention is paid to them in different papers and textbooks. Carpet samples are woven with each knot type and identical materials by a weaver. Then the effect of various kinds of knots measured on the carpet length, carpet thickness and pile height. Samples are woven in two different methods. The first one is a method in which the number of beating the comb is controlled; i.e., after each row of knots only and exactly two comb beats are applied to the row of knots. In the second method, the dimensions of samples were controlled and it is tried to weave the carpet with the dimensions designed; i.e., the number of times the comb is beating down the row of knots varies according to the weaving progress. In jufti and U knot samples, the number of beating times inevitably reduced to one, while in symmetric and asymmetric samples it increased to five to six times to obtain the designed dimensions. Results show that symmetric and asymmetric knots lead to an increase in the carpet length, whereas the other two knot types end in a decrease in the carpet length. To reach the designed length it is necessary to change the number of beating or to use different materials with suitable yarn counts. The thickness of the foundation of carpet is also influenced by the knot type; i.e., if the number of comb beating increases the foundation thickness increases as well, but if the number of comb beating remains constant there will be identical foundation thickness in carpets woven with different types of knots.
Symmetric knot, Asymmetric knot, Jufti knot, U knot, Carpet dimension, Foundation thickness, Pile height, Knot geometry
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-436-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-436-en.pdf
Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
An analysis of Pattern and Border Frame in Afshar Carpets With Georg Simmel\'s Approach & Reflection Theory
103
126
FA
Zahra
Rahbarnia
Department of Research in Arts, Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University
Y
bahareh
poryazdanpanah
Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University
N
Much has been written about aesthetics in carpet weaving art, particularly tribal and village carpet weaving, discussing various aspects such as symbolism and naturalism. Yet, the relation between art and sociology is propounded in a different manner by the German sociologist, Georg Simmel. With a different view on society and artwork, he believes that the origin of all principles of aesthetics resides in the principle of "symmetry", and that this tendency towards symmetry correlates to the type of society administration. The present paper investigates that whether types of administrations of the tribal society affect harmony and symmetrical designs of their carpet weaving. Descriptive and analytical methods, documentary and library tools, data gathering and theoretical interpretation are used in this research. Kerman Afshari tribe and the patterns of their rugs are taken as sample to be studied in the light of Georg Simmel's theories, particularly the Forms Theory. Overall, Simmel's aesthetic and sociology approaches may be applied to the art and society of Iran. Tribal carpets in their genuine form have symmetry and order, whereas the basic characteristic of the modern era is liberalism and individualism, which lead art to asymmetry and disharmony. The objective example of this characteristic is seen in modern carpets, which totally modifies the traditional carpet aesthetics. Although, there are examples of rural and tribal societies which are integrated and coordinated, it is the reflection of this form of society that has caused order and symmetry to be the basis of tribal carpet aesthetics, where the frame (i.e., the carpet border) is still the required basis and infrastructure.
Carpet, Society, Simmel, Afshar, Reflection theory
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-437-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-437-en.pdf
Iran Carpet Scientific Association
goljaam, Scientific Journal of Handmade Carpet
2008-2738
2588-7351
6
15
2010
6
1
Hand Spinning in the Iranian Paintings of the 15th to 17th Centuries
127
149
FA
Seyed Ali
Mojabi
Faculty of Arts, Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch
Y
Zahra
Fanaee
Faculty of Arts, Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch
N
The manufacturing of costly hand woven rugs and floor coverings during the 15th to 17th centuries represented a splendid golden age for the Iranian textile industry. Without using high-quality yarns, the productions of such woven materials were surely impossible. To analyze and identify the technical specifications of the required yarns in this industry during the aforementioned centuries, the remaining products not only could be analyzed, but they also could be examined in the great works of the paintings of that era. Examining the 15th to 17th centuries main paintings in which spinning were manifested, characteristics and technical specification of spinning handicrafts within this period have been determined. The collected data revealed that spinning, which was done by the middle-aged, elderly, and disabled as one of their daily activities, used to be very common during the 15th to 17th centuries. The painters, carefully portraying the various parts of the spindle and the spinning wheel in their works, were completely aware of the yarn source and their technical differences in spinning different yarns. This could be clearly observed in their works. According to the social situation of the painting context and with emphasis on the specific considerations of the various instruments usage, special use was made of various types of spindles and spinning wheels.
Spinning, Hand-spinning Industry, Iranian paintings, Spindle and wheel spinning,15th to 17th centuries
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-438-en.html
http://goljaam.icsa.ir/article-1-438-en.pdf